Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال, As-Suumaal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation at the Horn of Africa in East Africa. Continentally, it is entirely surrounded by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti on the north and mid-west, by Kenya on its south- west, and by the Gulf of Aden on its north, and the Indian Ocean at its eastern border. Read more
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Djibouti (Arabic: : جيبوتي, Ǧībūtī, pronounced jo-BOO-tee), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a small country in eastern Africa, located in the Horn of Africa. Djibouti is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. On the other side of the Red Sea, Read More
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West Somalia: Somali is the eastern-most of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. It is often called Somalia, though it is not to be confused with the independent country of the same name. Formerly known as Region 5, the capital of Somali is Jijiga. Other major towns and cities include Bircot, Denan, Erer Gota, Geladi, Kabri Dar, K'elafo and Werder. The region borders Kenya to the south-west, the Ethopian regions of Read More
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Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland) is an unrecognized de facto sovereign state state located in northwest Somalia in the Horn of Africa. In May 1991, Somaliland people declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes five of the eighteen administrative regions of Somalia, roughly the region between Ethiopia, Djibouti, Gulf of Aden and the former Italian Somaliland,an area of about 137,600 square Read More
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Greater Somalia
Greater Somalia refers to those regions in the Horn of Africa in which Somaliss live, as well
as to the political vision of unifying these people under a unified Somali state . Greater
Somalia thus encompasses Somalia/Somaliland, eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti and northeastern
Kenya. The policy has led to conflict, with Somalia engaging in armed warfare twice with
Ethiopia over the Ogaden region.
The first armed conflict began in 1963 in an ethnic Somali area, Elkere in Bale province. The
revolt raged in Bale province for several years until a number of developments took the
energy out of the militants, including the decision of Somali Prime Minister Mohammed
Ibrahim Ega to focus his country's resources on economic development. Rebels began to surrender to the Ethiopians at
the end of 1969; Waqo Gutu, who had been the foremost of the insurgents, was surrounded with his command of barely
200 men in Arana by the Ethiopian army in February 1970, and surrendered; pacification was complete by the next year.
From the late 1970s onwards, Mogadishu was forced to abandon the dream of recreating Greater Somalia. On 27 June
1977, Djibouti became a sovereign nation after 95% of its population voted against rejoining Somalia. Ethiopia scored a
decisive victory in 1978 that ended the Ogaden War. In 1981, Siad Barre visited Nairobi, Kenya and stated that Somalia
was relinquishing its claim on Kenyan territory. Improving relations with Kenya led to the signing of a pact in December
1984 ceasing all hostilities along the border. Following continued hostilites in Ogaden, Ethiopia and Somalia signed a
peace treaty in 1988.
The vision of a Greater Somalia appears to have been abandoned as Somalia struggles to recover from decades of civil
war.